Sunday, January 26, 2020

Web Personalization Using Feedforward Backpropagation

Web Personalization Using Feedforward Backpropagation WEB PERSONALIZATION USING FEEDFORWARD BACKPROPAGATION NEURAL NETWORK Chapter 4: Methodology Chapter 4 shows the methodology of the present work. Section 4.1 present the methodology, section 4.2 includes flow chart of the present work. Section 4.3 present the proposed algorithm. 1.1 METHODOLOGY Start Configure search engine Training on data according to user’s context. Testing on data ANN optimization for search optimization. Stop 1.1 Training: Data is trained using Feedforward Backpropagation Neural network. Before testing and searching the data is trained. Data training is required for optimal results. Testing: Testing of data is performed using Feedforward Backpropagation neural network and Using SVM (Support Vector Machine). User Query: User can enter the Query for find the information. Some Web sites name are suggested to the users according the query of user. 1.2 FLOWCHART The simple flowchart of the designed algorithm is depicted in the figure 4.2 Figure 4.2: flowchart of the designed algorithm 1.3 ALGORITHM DESIGN The Algorithm for the present work is discussed in this section. The various steps used in algorithm are explained. The pseudo Code for the algorithm is also discussed in this section. Table4.1 Proposed Algorithm Pseudo code of proposed algorithm:-The Pseudo code for proposed algorithm is shown below. Table 4.2 proposed algorithm in pseudo code Chapter-5 RESULT AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS In this chapter results of the present is explained. The figures of result, comparison, comparison tables and graphs of the present work are shown in this chapter. 1.1 TOOLS USED To implement my work I used Matlab. Matlab Stands for MATrix LABoratory. MATLAB has a modern programming language environment: it has refined data structures, contains built-in editing and debugging tools, and supports object-oriented programming. Table 5.1: Tools Used MATLAB The name MATLAB stands for MATrix LABoratory. MATLAB was written originally to provide easy access to matrix software developed by the LINPACK (linear system package) and EISPACK (Eigen system package) projects MATLAB is a high-performance language for technical computing. It integrates computation, visualization, and programming environment. Furthermore, MATLAB is a modern programming language environment: it has refined data structures, contains built-in editing and debugging tools, and supports object-oriented programming. These factors make MATLAB an outstanding tool for education and research. MATLAB has many advantages compared to conventional computer languages (e.g., C, FORTRAN) for solving technical problems. MATLAB is an interactive system whose basic data element is an array that does not require dimensioning. The software package has been commercially available since 1984 and is now considered as a standard tool at most universities and industries worldwide. It has powerf ul built-in routines that enable a very wide variety of computations. It also has easy to use graphics commands that make the visualization of results immediately available. Specification applications are collected in packages referred to as toolbox. There are toolboxes for signal processing, symbolic computation, control theory, simulation, and optimization. After logging into your account, you can enter MATLAB by double-clicking on the MATLAB shortcut icon (MATLAB 7.0.4) on your Windows desktop. When you start MATLAB, a special window called the MATLAB desktop appears. The desktop is a window that contains other windows. The major tools within or accessible from the desktop are: The Command Window The Command History Workspace The Current directory Help browser Start button 5.1.1 MATLAB CHARACTERISTICS Developed first and foremost by Cleve Molar in the 1970s Derived from FORTRAN subroutines LINPACK and EISPACK, linear and Eigen value systems. Developed principally as an interactive system to access LINPACK and EISPACK. Gained its esteem through word of mouth, because it was not authoritatively dispersed. Rewritten in C in the 1980s with more functionality, which include plotting routines. The Math Works Inc. was produced (1984) to marketplace and go on with expansion Of MATLAB. 5.1.2 ADVANTAGES OF MATLAB MATLAB may behave as a calculator or as a programming language MATLAB combine adequately calculation and graphic plotting. MATLAB is moderately easy to learn MATLAB is interpreted (not compiled), errors are easy to fix. MATLAB is optimized to be relatively fast when performing matrix operations MATLAB does have some object-oriented elements 5.1.3 RESULTS In this section Screen Shots of the present work are shown. Firstly, Data Set is uploaded after that Neural Network and SVM are used for training and testing of the data. User can create their account and if user has already account then he can sign in for the Personalization. Three parameters are taken for the comparison between the SVM (support vector machine) and Neural Network. Accuracy, Precision and Recall are the three parameters used for the comparison. Neural Network gives the best results. Figure 5.1: Proposed Flowchart Fig. 5.1 shows the main working window of the personalization. The above figure has all the training and testing window components in w +hich the personalized data can be trained through the Neural Network and Support Vector Machine. Training Model for SVM as well as Neural Network. Inputs: examples, a set of examples, each with input x = x1; x2; : : : ; xn and output y Inputs: network, a perceptron with weights Wj ; j = 0; : : : ; n and activation function g Repeat for each e in examples do inPnj = 0Wj xj [e] Err y[e] g(in) WjWj + _ _ Err _ g0(in) _ xj [e] End Until all examples correctly predicted or stopping criterion is reached Return network Figure 5.2: represents the architecture of the Neural Network Neural network contains of input and hidden layers. Each and every layer has weight and bandwidth of the data. Hidden Layer contains epochs that means iteration. The maximum iteration provided over here is 50 but it is not necessary that the neural will run till 50. It would cross check the validations and would provide the results required. The results can also be checked by the following graphs. Figure 5.3: Representing detailed neural architecture The above figure represents the architecture over which the neural has been tested and trained. There is one validation denoted by the pink line and has been achieved on the 4th Iteration. Figure 5.4: Personalizing Option The above figure provides the option to personalize the system according to the choice of the user. Here the user can banned those website link which he or she does not want to see in the future. Figure 5.5: Login window Figure 5.5 shows the login window. If the user is new or not registered then he can use sign up option for registration. After filling details, user is registered. Useris alreadyregisteredhe can log in using theUserID and Password. Figure 5.6: Results after testing data The above figure represents results after testing the data. User can test data after fill the data in the box. Figure 5.7. Different parameters The above figure shows the different parameter after click on result neural button. Accuracy, Precision, and recall parameters can be calculated. The same parameter can be calculated by SVM also. 5.2Comparison Tables and Graphical Representation The experiment was conducted for computing Accuracy, Precision and Recall. The experiment has been performed to compare the performance of both Neural Network and SVM (Support Vector Machine). The Accuracy, Precision and Recall for both approaches was different. Given tables and graphs proves the performance of the algorithms. Table 5.2: Accuracy Comparison Figure 5.8: Graph of accuracy comparison Table 5.3: Precision Comparison Figure 5.9: graph of Precision Comparison Table5.4: Recall Comparison Figure 5.10: Graph of Recall Comparison Chapter 6: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE Chapter 6 includes conclusion and future scope of the present work. Future scope means that what enhancement can be done in the future. Section 6.1 covers the Conclusion and Section 6.2 covers the Future scope. 6.1 CONCLUSION Web personalization is an answer for data over-burden issue on World Wide Web .The web personalization assemble the accuracy of web hunt apparatus, streamlines the looking process and reduce the time customer needs to spend for looking for. Today for both Web-based affiliations and for the end customers the web personalization has transformed into a key gadget. Web utilization mining is the methodology of recognizing delegate patterns and scanning examples depicting the movement in the site, by investigating the clients conduct. Site directors can then use this information to redesign or change the site according to the side interests and behaviour of its visitors, or upgrade the execution of their systems. Also, the supervisors of e-trade destinations can procure profitable business brainpower, making buyer profiles and accomplishing business sector division. There exists number of techniques yet none has been accomplished great amount. This postulation introduced a methodology taking into account neural system for web personalization of web substance. Firstly, in the pre-processing stage the information must be gathered from the better places it is put away (customer side, server side, and intermediary servers). In the wake of recognizing the customers, the snap surges of each customer must be part into sessions. The last venture of the entire web utilization mining methodology is to dissect the examples found amid the example disclosure step. Web Usage Mining attempt to comprehend the examples identified in before step. The most well-known systems is information visualization applying channels High dimensional information stream contains a huge colossal measure of information. Such huge sum information contains a vast information with high measurements with information many-sided quality. A valid example remote sensor framework data, web logs, Google look for, et cetera. Standard strategies are not suitable over h igh dimensional data as they obliged high figuring expense for taking care of data that is the reason this technique has been realized with some change highlights. 6.2 FUTURE SCOPE Future misleads examine the half breed utilization structure positioning that can be connected to a bound together web/navigational diagram which extends out of the breaking points of a solitary site. Such approach would empower a worldwide significance positioning over the web, improving both web query items and the suggestion process. Now, if the user wants to revisit URL P3, she would not be able to do that using just the BackButton navigation Stack. If she resorts to the history list to get some help, she will be disappointed to see that its list based textual representation gives no idea about the structure of the navigation pattern. Moreover, even for a modestly sized navigation session, the history list gets cluttered to an extent so that renders it ineffective in searching for a specific page. The bookmark facility is of little help in this case, as the user cannot bookmark each and every page due to overhead associated with the very process of bookmarking. Moreover, even selected bookmarking is of no help as, in most cases, the user does not know at the time of visiting a web page whether it is important enough to be bookmarked. One thing that has long been acknowledged by the research community is the use of graphical overview diagrams in assisting user navigation through complex information spaces. The visualization scheme employed should be efficient enough to give a graphical representation of user session history in real time. Computationally and graphically intensive application may cause undue delays in the visualization generation process, especially when the session history grows large. Most of the past work done for WWW subspace visualization is plagued by these delays therefore is inefficient for the ordinary use. The solution must be designed keeping in mind that it has to replace WWW browser stack based navigation structure and its history list. Therefore it must provide all those facilities that were provided by these browser components. Users who are familiar with the facilities provided by the browser may find it very difficult to adjust to a new scheme that does not provide these facilities. The visualization scheme should be designed more on an aesthetic rather than a scientific basis. Humans tend to get confused when presented with a large amount of data jumbled up in front of them. It is, therefore, highly recommended that session history data be divided into small and easily manageable groups, neatly knitted together through an elegant link structure. 1

Saturday, January 18, 2020

The Irony in Ghana’s Agricultural Productivity

The US’s prospect of establishing a military base in Ghana proves its firm control of this thriving African country. This firm control of US is also strongly apparent in Ghana’s economic policy.   Endowed with an abundant supply of natural resources, Ghana has long been under US economic and social influence through international organizations such as the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and World Trade Organization.It is important to note here that IMF-WB and WTO work, in the final analysis, for the benefit of those who control them which are no other than the US and other First World countries. The policies advanced by IMF-WB and WTO that Ghana faithfully adopts put the country in an inequitable relationship with the US and other powerful nations.One clear policy is the Structural Adjustments Programs (SAPs) which contain various conditionalities like the privatization of local industries, the reductions in tariffs and trade barriers, the curtailing of   a grarian reform, and the liberalization of local economies.A manifestation that the SAPs are at work in Ghana can be seen through the country’s export-oriented and import-dependent economy. What does this mean? Ghana’s economy is export-oriented because its natural resources, particularly its rich agricultural resources, are taken outside the country and   appropriated by the more powerful nations who control it.That is why even though Ghana is rich in agricultural resources, majority of its people experience hunger because: 1) they are not the ones who benefit from what their land offers 2) the country is not yet industrialized to support a viable agricultural production process.The US, being a highly industrialized country, makes use of the natural resources it has taken from Ghana and processes these resources. The US requires less labor force in processing the natural resources it has taken from third world countries precisely because it has high-tech machines to do the work faster and more efficient.After the processing of the natural resources, Third World countries dependent on US (thanks to IMF-WB and WTO) import them. The tragic irony here is that Third World countries buy and import   goods that are essentially theirs.Notes:1. â€Å"Structural adjustment† 25   July 2007. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation. 12 August 2007.

Friday, January 10, 2020

The Good, the Bad and Essay Topics for Scholarships Samples

The Good, the Bad and Essay Topics for Scholarships Samples A well-written essay may be the most persuasive portion of a scholarship program, and that's why long and attention needs to be put into its preparation. The money will be different each year. Step to begin a business program. Similarities between business program and company proposal. Choosing our service, you will understand that studying can be simple if you gain from the aid of competent experts. The scholarships you find are likely to fit into specific themes that you must have the ability to identify as a way to save your family time, frustration, stress, and most significantly money. As everyone probably knows, applying for college is lots of work. Applying for college takes lots of work. It's simple to point out an essay which has been written solely for the interest of it. In addition, the work change from topic to topic since there are essays that let you dig deeper into your creative minds. You don't need to possess the very best writing skills to be able to be creative and compose an effective essay. Writing a leadership essay isn't as complex as it appears. The rules for writing a superb essay are the same. It is one that leaves a lasting impression. Bridget's essay is quite strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. Stephen's essay is rather effective. Writing quality essays is the principal purpose of our services. There are lots of things to consider and most importantly, is the trustworthiness of the service you decide to use. This is because we've got a well-equipped team with editors that are professional in handling MBA scholarship essay sample and also supply free revisions to make sure you're happy with the delivery. Get to learn your prompt Ease yourself in the essay-writing practice. There's, naturally, a limit on the range of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. The purchase price depends upon the size and urgency. You don't have to be worried about your personal details that may be viewed, as we handle the matter on a safe network. The general format of your essay, for example, font size and margins, will solely are based on the instructions provided to you. After identifying the critical themes, it's important to comprehend what every one of these ideas really means, beyond the initial level. If you're asking for a scholarship, odds are you're likely to should compose an essay. It grants you the occasion to reflect and show your capability to learn from your experiences. Without knowing suitable essay making, your likelihood of going into a superior college are slim. Show the reader which you know who you are and your past and present experiences are valuable and will earn a positive effect on the future. While you can't predict every essay question, knowing some of the most frequent ones may give you an advantage on applications. It's really simple to use along with self explanatory. Ask yourself whether you're the person that you wish to be. It's an undeniable actuality that numerous students discover that it's tiresome to manage scholarship essays. Why would you like to visit college. Even if students take a particular scholarship application sample essay questions course since they're really interested in the topic, this still doesn't signify they enjoy every part of it. Therefore, many students and employees decide to purchase low-cost essay rather than writing it themselves. Inside this section you'll find samples of essays belonging to several essay types and manners of formatting. The introduction may have a brief lead-in, but nevertheless, it should arrive at the thesis quickly. While scholarship essay format won't offer you any credentials, they ought to be able to steer you properly on how best to compose the appropriate essay. Be sure to follow along with the suitable format, consisting of the general pieces of an essay. What You Don't Know About Essay Topics for Scholarships Samples Scholarship sponsors search for applicants with vision and motivation, so they may ask about your targets and aspirations. Some scholarships will just request a statement of financial need. Colleges are not searching for perfect men and women. Learn more on the subject of the Build U. Scholarship. My ultimate purpose is to work in construction management to boost efficiency in low-income housing development. Current high school seniors should have committed to a certain school before applying. Its one of the main elements of your college application and it may be the hardest. Begin with your application.

Wednesday, January 1, 2020

Socrates Essay - 1353 Words

Socrates was perhaps the most interesting and influential thinker in the fifth century. He was dedicated to careful reasoning and he wanted genuine knowledge rather than the victory over his opponent. He learned the rhetoric and dialectics of the Sophists, the ideas of the Lonian philosophers, and the general culture of Periclean Athens. Socrates used the same knowledge by the Sophists to get a new purpose, the pursuit of truth. He called everything into question and he was determined to accept nothing less than the truth. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;He was well known for his skills in carrying on a conversation and his public speaking, but Socrates never wrote a thing. We learned from his students, mainly Kenophon and Plato, about his†¦show more content†¦Socrates said, â€Å"The capacity for knowledge is innate in each man’s mind.† This simply meant to him that when one is caught up in superficiality, then the truth does not shine through. He thought that the people that were consumed in the shallow world would only see reality as mere shadows compared to the truth. â€Å"The good†, according to Socrates is â€Å"the source not only of the intelligibility of the objects of knowledge, but also of their being and reality.† He thought that when the mind is preoccupied with a bad world, it does not see the truth. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Socrates thought that pleasure should not be taken to the extreme, because it will then be unhealthy for the mind and body. He explains that the mind, body, and soul must all be in unison in order to be healthy, then happiness will follow. Many people look for happiness by engulfing themselves in life’s highest pleasures and others look for contentment by over working themselves to be the richest. However, these two extremes will not produce happiness but instead one should find peace by seeking out the truth, and looking inside to find reality and true beauty. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The allegory of the cave illustrates the difference between the materialistic world and the intelligible world. Socrates described a man with his arms and legs chained and with his neck in a brace. This only lets the man see the wall with shadows.Show MoreRelatedSocrates : The Suicide Of Socrates1405 Words   |  6 PagesSocrates was born in 470 BCE in Athens, Greece. His father was Sophroniscus, a sculptor and stone mason from Athens and his mother was a midwife by the name of Phaenarete (30 Interesting Socrates Facts 2014). Socrates original profession was masonry and sculpting, before becoming a philosopher. On a day in 399 BC, Socrates ( roughly 71 years at the time) went to trial.Now why would anyone want to send an old man to court? 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